Key Messages Assad's regime issued Legislative Decree No. 27 of 2024, mirroring past amnesty decrees but with additional wide exemptions. The decree excludes political detainees and prisoners of conscience, continuing a policy that neglects any political reform or reconciliation with…

Since early 2024, Hay’at Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) has been working to contain the civilian unrest in its controlled areas in Northwestern Syria, which was triggered by the internal crisis of the mid-2023. While HTS has considerable experience in managing internal…

Reserve service has been one of the most significant human resource components of the Syrian Regime Army, yet it has also posed one of the greatest challenges and obstacles for Syrians, especially after 2011. This is due to its extended…

Introduction The Autonomous Administration of Northeastern Syria, established in 2013, governs a vast swath of Syrian territory, notable for its ethnic, religious, and social diversity. Adopting a federal structure, this administration significantly influences local governance dynamics. This summary reviews a…

The Captagon problem has been one of the most critical security dilemmas for Jordan, due to the increasing attempts of drug and weapon trafficking into its borders that became a threat to Jordan’s national security according to a formal assessment paper,…